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==ТИПЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА==
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В игре есть 3 основных типа производств: Заводы, Мельницы и Лесопилки. Все они схожи по своему устройству и для каждого из них профильной является квалификация «Производство».
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|title=Virtonomics Wiki-Help - There are 3 basic kinds of production: Factory, Mill and Sawmill
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|description=Quality of the goods production depends on several factors: production technology level, raw material quality and production efficiency.
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===Завод===
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==TYPES OF PRODUCTION==
Заводы производят самый широкий спектр товаров:
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There are 3 basic kinds of production: Factory, Mill and Sawmill. They all are similar in their structure and require Top manager's «Production» skill. Production industry also includes Agricultural farms, Mines and Fishing bases. The principle of operation of these units is identical to Production, but they do not have materials and semi-finished products for production, and they have a different qualification profile - Agriculture, Mining and Fishing, respectively.
*Потребительские товары - товары, реализуемые в розничной торговле (такие как хлеб, одежда, бытовая электроника и другие)
 
*Промышленные товары - товары, используемые как средства производства (станки, тракторы, приборы и компьютеры)
 
*Материалы и полуфабрикаты - продукты, использующиеся в качестве сырья для производства других продуктов (такие как сталь, пластмасса, комплектующие и другие)
 
  
Каждый товар имеет свою схему производства: на предприятиях какого типа может производиться данный продукт, какое сырье и в каком количестве необходимо для производства единицы продукта, какие технологические и другие требования существуют для его производства - все эти сведения также отражены в закладке "Аналитика" / "Справочные данные".  
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===FACTORY===
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Factories produce the widest range of goods:  
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*'''Consumer goods''' — retail products - food, clothes, household equipment etc.
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*'''Industrial goods''' — means of production - machines, tractors, devices and computers.
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*'''Materials and half-finished products''' — raw material for other products - steel, plastic, components etc.
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Each product has its own production plan (suitable kind of enterprise, required raw material quality and quantity, technological and other requirements). You can find detailed information in '''Analytics''' > '''Reference''' Section.  
  
Некоторые предприятия могут производить разные продукты. Например, хлебозавод, в зависимости от специализации, может производить хлеб, макароны или кондитерские изделия. Более того, некоторые продукты могут быть произведены на предприятиях различных типов. Например, кондитерские изделия могут производиться как на хлебозаводе, так и на кондитерской фабрике. В конкретный момент времени (игровой ход) завод может осуществлять производство только по одной выбранной специализации.
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Certain enterprises are able to produce several goods depending on its specialization, for example: bakery can produce bread, noodles or pastry. You also can produce goods with improved characteristics (quality, output). Moreover some products can be produced on several enterprises. For example: both bakery and confectionery factory can produce pastry. At a particular point in time (game play) factory can have only one active specialization.  
  
Потребительские свойства продуктов характеризуются качеством и брендом. На разных заводах качество продукции может различаться. Кроме того, разные компании могут иметь различные уровни бренда по конкретному продукту в конкретном городе.  
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Product properties are characterized by quality and brand. At different plants, product quality may vary. In addition, different companies may develop different brand levels for a particular product in a particular city.  
  
Как правило, более качественные и более известные продукты стоят дороже. Качество продуктов зависит от ряда факторов: технологического уровня производства, качества исходного сырья, а также эффективности производства. Бренд продуктов может быть повышен через рекламу товаров.
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In general, high quality and well-known products are more expensive. Quality of the goods depends on several factors: production technology level, raw material quality and production efficiency. You can increase your brand with the help of advertising.  
  
На некоторых типах предприятий можно производить несколько различных продуктов, либо несколько вариаций одного продукта с улучшенными характеристиками (качества, количества выпуска). Для производства каждого вида продукта существует своя технологическая схема и условия производства. Некоторые типы производств имеют только одну специализацию и у них нет возможности её смены. Доступные в игре специализации представлены в справочной информации по видам производств.
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Some types of enterprises can produce several different products, or several variations of one product with improved characteristics (quality, quantity of output). For the production of each type of product has its own technological scheme and production conditions. Some types of industries have only one specialization and they do not have the ability to change it. Specializations available in the game are presented in the reference information on the types of industries.  
  
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Want to know more? Go to '''Analytics''' > '''Reference''' > '''Types of enterprises''' and see all available specializations and types of production.
  
===Мельница===
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===MILL===
Мельница производит муку, перемалывая зерно. Для производства мельнице необходимо оборудование (станки), рабочие, а также регулярное снабжение зерном. Для управления мельницей ее директору желателен высокий уровень компетенции в области Производства. Мельница является простейшим производственным юнитом, позволяющим построить самую короткую цепочку производства конечной продукции.
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Mill produces flour by grinding grain. Every mill requires equipment (machines), workers and regular supply. Besides, Top manager should have a high level of "Production" skill to manage the mill successfully. Mill is the most simple production unit and you can use it to build the shortest production chain.
  
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===SAWMILL===
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Sawmill - logging and timber production in many aspects is similar to mining. However, unlike natural resources forest is considered to be a sustainable resource so its reserve will never run out.
  
===Лесопилка===
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Every sawmill requires equipment (power-saw bench) and workers. Quality of produced timber depends on technology level, equipment quality and quality of woods in a certain region.
Лесозаготовка - рубка леса и производство древесины - во многом схожа с добычей полезных ископаемых. Но, в отличие от полезных ископаемых, лес в игре относится к восполнимым ресурсам - его "запасы" со временем не иссякают.
 
  
Для производства лесопилке необходимо оборудование (пилорамы) и рабочие. Максимальное качество древесины определяется уровнем технологии, качеством оборудования и качеством леса в регионе, где находится лесопилка.
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There are 5 levels of timber quality — from 1 to 5 (from bad to good). You can read more in this section: '''Analytics''' > '''Reference'''. One more special feature: along with standard expenses, sawmills must pay weekly concession fee which depends on woods basic quality and sawmill size. Concession applies to all sawmills independently from their load or sales mode (concession fee is included into prime cost).
  
Всего есть 5 градаций качества древесины – от 1 до 5. Качество леса на лесопилке определяется ее географическим положением. Более подробно о качества древесины в том или ином городе можно узнать в закладке «Аналитика / Макроэкономические показатели / Ресурсы».
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For the production of sawmills you need equipment (power-saw bench) and workers. The maximum quality of wood is determined by the level of technology, the quality of equipment and the quality of the forest in the region where the sawmill is located.
  
Также для лесопилок характерен особый порядок исчисления расходов. Помимо стандартных статей с лесопилок взимаются еженедельные концессионные выплаты, зависящие от базового качества древесины и размера лесопилки. Концессия распространяется на все лесопилки вне зависимости от степени их загрузки и режима продаж и включается в себестоимость.
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In total there are 5 gradations of wood quality - from 1 to 5. The quality of the forest at the sawmill is determined by its geographical location. More information about the quality of wood in a particular city can be found in the tab '''Analytics''' > '''Macroeconomics''' > '''Resources'''.
  
[[Размер концессионных выплат за пользование лесными угодьями]]:
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Also, sawmills are characterized by a special procedure for calculating costs. In addition to standard items, weekly concession payments are levied on sawmills, depending on the basic quality of the wood and the size of the sawmill. The concession applies to all sawmills, regardless of their load and sales mode, and is included in the cost.
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[[Concession fees (for forest usage):]]:
 
{| border="2" width="48%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; empty-cells:show;"
 
{| border="2" width="48%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; empty-cells:show;"
 
|-
 
|-
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" align="center"| Качество леса
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" align="center"| Quality of forest
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" align="center"| Концессионные выплаты на 1 Га леса
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" align="center"| Concession fee for 1 ha of forest
 
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==EXTRACTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES==
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The extraction of natural resources is similar to the production industry, but has several fundamental differences. First of all, extraction enterprise must have access to a resource - a natural resource, that is, it must be located in the deposit of this mineral: oil, ore, salt, gold, diamonds, etc. All created mineral deposits belong to the state and are transferred to the hands of private companies either through sale at an open auction for virtual currency, or through direct sale of objects on the market of state enterprises for game points. It is also possible to purchase mines in the secondary market from private companies through the auction process.
  
==ДОБЫЧА ПОЛЕЗНЫХ ИСКОПАЕМЫХ==
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At the business unit of the mining industry, different equipment is used compared to the factories, mining equipment. This equipment is also produced at the Machine-tool factory, it is one of the specializations.
Добыча полезных ископаемых схожа со сферой производства, но имеет несколько принципиальных отличий от обрабатывающей промышленности. Прежде всего, добывающее предприятие должно иметь доступ к ресурсу - природному ископаемому, то есть должно находиться на месторождении этого ископаемого: нефти, руды, соли, золота, алмазов и т.п. Все создаваемые месторождения природных ископаемых принадлежат государству и передаются в руки частных компаний либо через продажу на открытом аукционе за виртуальную валюту, либо через прямую продажу объектов на рынке государственных предприятий за игровые очки. Также возможно приобретения шахт на вторичном рынке у частных компаний через процедуру аукционных торгов.  
 
 
 
На предприятиях добывающей промышленности используется иное, нежели на заводах, оборудование – горно-шахтное оборудование (ГШО), производящееся которых является одной из специализаций на тех же станкостроительных заводах.
 
 
 
Закладка «Снабжение» на шахтах отсутствует, поскольку полезные ископаемые являются извлекаемым из недр сырьем и не требуют для своего производства каких-либо иных материалов или полуфабрикатов.
 
  
Закладки «Сбыт» и «Технология», а также информация раздела «Расходы предприятии» полностью идентичны аналогичным разделам главы «Производство».
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The '''Supply''' tab is not available at mines, since minerals are raw materials extracted from the subsoil and do not require any other materials or semi-finished products for their production.
  
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The '''Sale''' and '''Technologies''' tabs, as well as the information in the '''Finance''' section are completely identical to the similar sections in the '''Production''' chapter.
  
==СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО==
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==AGRICULTURE==
Сфера сельского хозяйства делится на 2 части: Земледелие и Животноводство. Соответственно подразделяются и типы предприятий: к Земледелию относятся Земледельческая ферма и Фруктовая плантация, к Животноводству – Коровник, Птицеферма, Свиноферма, Овцеферма и Пасека. Профильной для управления всеми предприятиями сельскохозяйственной сферы является квалификация «Сельское хозяйство».
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The agricultural sector is divided into 2 parts: Agriculture and Livestock. Accordingly, the types of enterprises are subdivided:  
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*Agriculture includes the Agricultural Farm and Plantation,  
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*Livestock - Cowshed, Poultry Farm, Pig Farm, Sheep Farm and Apiary.  
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The profile for the management of all agricultural enterprises falls under "Agriculture" and "Livestock" skills respectively.
  
Земледелие относится к первичному производству ресурсов – выращиванию зерна и фруктов. Животноводство – производство сельхозпродукции с использованием зерна ли другого крпма.
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Agriculture refers to the primary production of resources - the cultivation of grain and fruit. Livestock - the production of agricultural products using grain or other feed.
  
Закладки «Сбыт» и «Технология» полностью идентичны аналогичным разделам главы «Производство».
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The “Sale” and “Technologies” tabs are completely identical to the corresponding sections of the “Production” chapter.
  
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==ENTERPRISE EXPENSES==
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All enterprises in Virtonomics bear weekly expenses.
  
==РАСХОДЫ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ==
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Enterprise expenses are divided into variable and fixed (conditionally-fixed):
Все предприятия еженедельно несут расходы.
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*Variable: these expenses depend on production volume, i.e. in case if production volume changes, the expenses volume would change too. For example: cost of raw material, energy etc.
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*Fixed: these expenses don't depend on production volume. Even if you stop all your production, the enterprise will still bear fixed expenses.
  
Расходы предприятия подразделяются на переменные и постоянные (условно-постоянные):
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Variable + fixed expenses (per 1 unit of produced goods) = prime cost.
*К переменным относятся все расходы так или иначе связанные с объемом производства, то есть изменяющиеся в случае изменения объема производимой продукции: затраты на покупку сырья, энергии и другие по нормам на единицу продукции.
 
*К постоянным расходам относятся те затраты, которые не зависят от объемов производства. Постоянные расходы предприятие несет даже в том случае, если производство полностью остановлено (по различным причинам).
 
  
Сумма постоянных и переменных расходов, приходящаяся на единицу выпущенной продукции, называется себестоимостью продукции.
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Financial report keeps all information about expenses of your enterprise for the last week, so you can use this information to analyze prime cost structure and to optimize your production.
Все расходы предприятия за прошедшую неделю отображаются в финансовом отчете, который может использоваться для анализа структуры себестоимости и оптимизации производства.
 
  
Основные статьи расходов: «Топливо, энергия/Стоимость добычи», «Брак, потери», «Управленческие расходы», «Зарплата», «Общепроизводственные расходы».
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Main expenses are: "Fuel, energy/Mining costs", "Waste / losses", "Management expenses", "Salary", "General production".  
  
Стоимость энергии зависит от объема выпуска продукции, технологии на предприятии, стоимости единицы энергии (в зависимости от уровня развития города, в котором находится производственное подразделение) и энергозатратности производства (естественно, что на производство автомобиля расходуется куда больше энергии, нежели на производство сувениров).
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Energy cost depends on production volume, technology and the cost of one unit of energy (depends on the level of development of the city) and power consumption intensity of production (car production requires much more energy, than production of toys).
  
Потери на брак напрямую зависят от эффективности работы подразделения и расходов на энергию. Потери на брак являются частью расходов (не приводят к потере продукции, а сразу номинируются в деньгах).
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Waste losses depend directly on the efficiency of your enterprise and energy expenses. This figure is just a part of total expenses (expressed in money), and it doesn't cause any actual production loss.
  
Управленческие расходы соотносятся с расходами на заработную плату общего количества рабочих (в т.ч. не участвующих в процессе производства) и эффективности управления предприятия офисом. Минимально возможный уровень управленческих расходов – 10% от фонда
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Management expenses are connected with total salary expenses and main office efficiency. Minimal possible value is 10% of the fund. Salary — wages of 1 employee * total number of employees.
Заработная плата – произведение оплаты труда 1 рабочего на количество трудящихся.
 
  
Общепроизводственные расходы зависят от среднегородской зарплаты, размера предприятия, степени его оборудованности и эффективности предприятия.
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General production expenses depend on city average salary, enterprise size, equipment quantity and enterprise efficiency.  
  
 
[[Category:Glossary]]
 
[[Category:Glossary]]

Latest revision as of 16:32, 3 August 2022


TYPES OF PRODUCTION

There are 3 basic kinds of production: Factory, Mill and Sawmill. They all are similar in their structure and require Top manager's «Production» skill. Production industry also includes Agricultural farms, Mines and Fishing bases. The principle of operation of these units is identical to Production, but they do not have materials and semi-finished products for production, and they have a different qualification profile - Agriculture, Mining and Fishing, respectively.

FACTORY

Factories produce the widest range of goods:

  • Consumer goods — retail products - food, clothes, household equipment etc.
  • Industrial goods — means of production - machines, tractors, devices and computers.
  • Materials and half-finished products — raw material for other products - steel, plastic, components etc.

Each product has its own production plan (suitable kind of enterprise, required raw material quality and quantity, technological and other requirements). You can find detailed information in Analytics > Reference Section.

Certain enterprises are able to produce several goods depending on its specialization, for example: bakery can produce bread, noodles or pastry. You also can produce goods with improved characteristics (quality, output). Moreover some products can be produced on several enterprises. For example: both bakery and confectionery factory can produce pastry. At a particular point in time (game play) factory can have only one active specialization.

Product properties are characterized by quality and brand. At different plants, product quality may vary. In addition, different companies may develop different brand levels for a particular product in a particular city.

In general, high quality and well-known products are more expensive. Quality of the goods depends on several factors: production technology level, raw material quality and production efficiency. You can increase your brand with the help of advertising.

Some types of enterprises can produce several different products, or several variations of one product with improved characteristics (quality, quantity of output). For the production of each type of product has its own technological scheme and production conditions. Some types of industries have only one specialization and they do not have the ability to change it. Specializations available in the game are presented in the reference information on the types of industries.

Want to know more? Go to Analytics > Reference > Types of enterprises and see all available specializations and types of production.

MILL

Mill produces flour by grinding grain. Every mill requires equipment (machines), workers and regular supply. Besides, Top manager should have a high level of "Production" skill to manage the mill successfully. Mill is the most simple production unit and you can use it to build the shortest production chain.

SAWMILL

Sawmill - logging and timber production in many aspects is similar to mining. However, unlike natural resources forest is considered to be a sustainable resource so its reserve will never run out.

Every sawmill requires equipment (power-saw bench) and workers. Quality of produced timber depends on technology level, equipment quality and quality of woods in a certain region.

There are 5 levels of timber quality — from 1 to 5 (from bad to good). You can read more in this section: Analytics > Reference. One more special feature: along with standard expenses, sawmills must pay weekly concession fee which depends on woods basic quality and sawmill size. Concession applies to all sawmills independently from their load or sales mode (concession fee is included into prime cost).

For the production of sawmills you need equipment (power-saw bench) and workers. The maximum quality of wood is determined by the level of technology, the quality of equipment and the quality of the forest in the region where the sawmill is located.

In total there are 5 gradations of wood quality - from 1 to 5. The quality of the forest at the sawmill is determined by its geographical location. More information about the quality of wood in a particular city can be found in the tab Analytics > Macroeconomics > Resources.

Also, sawmills are characterized by a special procedure for calculating costs. In addition to standard items, weekly concession payments are levied on sawmills, depending on the basic quality of the wood and the size of the sawmill. The concession applies to all sawmills, regardless of their load and sales mode, and is included in the cost.

Concession fees (for forest usage)::

Quality of forest Concession fee for 1 ha of forest
1 3$
2 12$
3 27$
4 48$
5 75$

EXTRACTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

The extraction of natural resources is similar to the production industry, but has several fundamental differences. First of all, extraction enterprise must have access to a resource - a natural resource, that is, it must be located in the deposit of this mineral: oil, ore, salt, gold, diamonds, etc. All created mineral deposits belong to the state and are transferred to the hands of private companies either through sale at an open auction for virtual currency, or through direct sale of objects on the market of state enterprises for game points. It is also possible to purchase mines in the secondary market from private companies through the auction process.

At the business unit of the mining industry, different equipment is used compared to the factories, mining equipment. This equipment is also produced at the Machine-tool factory, it is one of the specializations.

The Supply tab is not available at mines, since minerals are raw materials extracted from the subsoil and do not require any other materials or semi-finished products for their production.

The Sale and Technologies tabs, as well as the information in the Finance section are completely identical to the similar sections in the Production chapter.

AGRICULTURE

The agricultural sector is divided into 2 parts: Agriculture and Livestock. Accordingly, the types of enterprises are subdivided:

  • Agriculture includes the Agricultural Farm and Plantation,
  • Livestock - Cowshed, Poultry Farm, Pig Farm, Sheep Farm and Apiary.

The profile for the management of all agricultural enterprises falls under "Agriculture" and "Livestock" skills respectively.

Agriculture refers to the primary production of resources - the cultivation of grain and fruit. Livestock - the production of agricultural products using grain or other feed.

The “Sale” and “Technologies” tabs are completely identical to the corresponding sections of the “Production” chapter.

ENTERPRISE EXPENSES

All enterprises in Virtonomics bear weekly expenses.

Enterprise expenses are divided into variable and fixed (conditionally-fixed):

  • Variable: these expenses depend on production volume, i.e. in case if production volume changes, the expenses volume would change too. For example: cost of raw material, energy etc.
  • Fixed: these expenses don't depend on production volume. Even if you stop all your production, the enterprise will still bear fixed expenses.

Variable + fixed expenses (per 1 unit of produced goods) = prime cost.

Financial report keeps all information about expenses of your enterprise for the last week, so you can use this information to analyze prime cost structure and to optimize your production.

Main expenses are: "Fuel, energy/Mining costs", "Waste / losses", "Management expenses", "Salary", "General production".

Energy cost depends on production volume, technology and the cost of one unit of energy (depends on the level of development of the city) and power consumption intensity of production (car production requires much more energy, than production of toys).

Waste losses depend directly on the efficiency of your enterprise and energy expenses. This figure is just a part of total expenses (expressed in money), and it doesn't cause any actual production loss.

Management expenses are connected with total salary expenses and main office efficiency. Minimal possible value is 10% of the fund. Salary — wages of 1 employee * total number of employees.

General production expenses depend on city average salary, enterprise size, equipment quantity and enterprise efficiency.